A number of large or extraordinarily colored diamonds have gained fame, both as exquisite examples of the beautiful nature of diamonds, and because of the famous people who wore, bought, and sold them. A partial list of famous diamonds in history follows.
- The Allnatt Diamond, a large Fancy Vivid Yellow diamond
- The Amsterdam Diamond, a 33.74 carat (6.748 g) black diamond which sold for $352,000 in 2001
- The Centenary Diamond, the world's largest colorless (grade D), flawless diamond
- The Cullinan Diamond, the largest rough gem-quality diamond ever found at 3106.75 carats (621.35 g). It was cut into 105 diamonds including the Cullinan I or the Great Star of Africa, 530.2 carats (106.04 g), and the Cullinan II or the Lesser Star of Africa, 317.4 carats (63.48 g).
- The Darya-ye Noor Diamond, the best known diamond of the Iranian Crown Jewels
- The Deepdene, widely considered to be the largest irradiated diamond in the world
- The De Young Red Diamond, the third-largest known Fancy Vivid Red
- The Dresden Green Diamond - its colour is the result of natural irradiation
- The Dudley Diamond
- The Eugenie Blue Diamond
- The Excelsior Diamond, the largest known diamond in the world prior to the Cullinan
- The Florentine Diamond, a lost diamond, light yellow with a weight of 137.27 carats (27.45 g).
- The Golden Jubilee, the largest faceted diamond ever cut at 545.67 carats (109.13 g)
- The Great Chrysanthemum Diamond
- The Great Mogul Diamond
- The Heart of Eternity Diamond, perhaps the largest Fancy Vivid Blue
- The Hope Diamond, blue and supposedly cursed. Almost certainly cut from the French Blue Diamond
- The Hortensia Diamond
- The Idol's Eye
- The Incomparable Diamond, a golden diamond of 407.48 carats (81.496 g) cut from an 890 carat (178 g) rough diamond of the same name - it appeared on eBay in 2002
- The Jones Diamond
- The Jubilee Diamond, originally known as the Reitz Diamond; the sixth largest in the world.
- The Kimberley Diamond
- The Koh-i-Noor, very old (mentioned in Baburnama of 1526) and surrounded by legend and believed to be the most precious.
- The Lesotho Promise, is the 15th largest diamond, the 10th largest white diamond, and the largest diamond to be found in 13 years
- The Millennium Star, the second largest colorless (grade D), flawless diamond.
- The Moussaieff Red Diamond, the largest known Fancy Vivid Red
- The Nizam Diamond
- The Ocean Dream Diamond, the only known natural Fancy Deep Blue-Green
- The Oppenheimer Diamond, one of the largest uncut diamonds in the world
- The Orlov, an Indian rose cut rumored to have served as the eye of a Hindu statue
- The Paragon Diamond
- The Portuguese Diamond
- The Premier Rose Diamond, 137.02 carat (27.4 g) stone cut from a 353.9 carat (70.8 g) rough gem of the same name
- The Pumpkin Diamond, perhaps the largest Fancy Vivid Orange
- The Red Cross Diamond
- The Regent Diamond, formerly belonging to Louis XV, Louis XVI and Napoleon Bonaparte, it now resides in the Louvre
- The Sancy, a pale yellow diamond currently in the Louvre
- The Shah Diamond, very old yellow diamond (found approximately in 1450 in India) currently housed in the Diamond Fund in Kremlin
- The Spirit of de Grisogono Diamond, the world's largest cut Black
- The Spoonmaker's Diamond, 86 carat (17 g) diamond housed in Topkapı Palace in Istanbul.
- The Star of Arkansas
- The Star of the East, 95 carat (19 g) stone once owned by Mrs Evalyn McLean of Washington DC, who also owned the Hope Diamond
- The Star of the South
- The Steinmetz Pink Diamond, the largest known Fancy Vivid Pink
- The Taylor-Burton Diamond
- The Tiffany Diamond
- The Uncle Sam Diamond, the largest discovered in the United States
- The Vargas
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